Over the years, major railways and transit agencies have heavily invested in programs to enhance the early detection of track movement and high rail temperatures. Extreme rail temperatures, lateral push, and vertical pumping pose significant risks to railway infrastructure, leading to track misalignment, buckling, and kinking, which result in passenger and freight train delays, derailments, and costly repairs. TRB’s Transit IDEA Program Final Report 102: The Magnetic Rail Movement Measuring Device for Ra…